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        <h1>
            Hepatic failure</h1>
        <h5 class="updated">
            Last updated: Saturday, 04, December, 2010</h5>
        <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="two-column-process">
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>
                        Key Information</th>
                    <th class="description">
                        Appropriate Tests</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tr class="odd">
                <td class="first">
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                    <p>
                        <b>Bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, albumin, glucose, electrolytes, creatinine, 
                        urea; FBC, blood film, platelet count; PT, APTT, thrombin time, fibrinogen 
                        assay, fibrin degradation products.</b></p>
                    <p>
                        <b>Liver biopsy</b>, if appropriate.</p>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        <b>Acute/fulminant</b></p>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                    <p>
                        <b>Ammonium (plasma)</b> may assist diagnosis, particularly if the patient is 
                        not jaundiced.</p>
                    See also
                    <a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=305&amp;Itemid=27" 
                        target="_blank">Hepatitis</a></td>
            </tr>
            <tr class="odd">
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        Infection, especially</p>
                    <ul>
                        <li><a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=306&amp;Itemid=27" 
                                target="_blank">Hepatitis A virus infection</a></li>
                        <li><a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=307&amp;Itemid=27" 
                                target="_blank">Hepatitis B virus infection</a></li>
                        <li><a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=308&amp;Itemid=27" 
                                target="_blank">Hepatitis C virus infection</a></li>
                        <li><a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=309&amp;Itemid=27" 
                                target="_blank">Hepatitis D virus infection</a></li>
                        <li><a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=310&amp;Itemid=27" 
                                target="_blank">Hepatitis E virus infection</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        Drugs, especially</p>
                    <ul>
                        <li>Paracetamol (overdose)</li>
                        <li>Halothane</li>
                        <li>Isoniazid</li>
                    </ul>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                    <p>
                        &nbsp;</p>
                    <p>
                        Paracetamol - serum. See also
                        <a href="http://rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=81" 
                            target="_blank">Figure 2. Risk of liver damage</a>,
                        <a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=504&amp;Itemid=27" 
                            target="_blank">Paracetemol overdose</a></p>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr class="odd">
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        Hepatic venous occlusion</p>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td class="first">
                    <ul>
                        <li>Budd-Chiari syndrome</li>
                    </ul>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr class="odd">
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        Fatty liver of pregnancy</p>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        Reye syndrome&nbsp;</p>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr class="odd">
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        Wilson&#39;s disease</p>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr class="last">
                <td class="first">
                    <p>
                        <b>Chronic</b></p>
                </td>
                <td class="second">
                    See
                    <a href="http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/index.php?option=com_clinical&amp;task=show_clinical&amp;id=137&amp;Itemid=27" 
                        target="_blank">Cirrhosis</a></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
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            <h2>
                Glossary Terms</h2>
            <div>
                <h4>
                    ALT :</h4>
                <p>
                    Alanine aminotransferase</p>
                <h4>
                    ALP :</h4>
                <p>
                    Alkaline phosphatase</p>
                <h4>
                    APTT :</h4>
                <p>
                    Activated partial thromboplastin time</p>
                <h4>
                    AST :</h4>
                <p>
                    Aspartate aminotransferase</p>
                <h4>
                    FBC :</h4>
                <p>
                    Full blood count , full blood examination, complete blood count</p>
                <h4>
                    GGT :</h4>
                <p>
                    Gamma glutamyl transferase (transpeptidase)</p>
                <h4>
                    PT :</h4>
                <p>
                    Prothrombin time</p>
            </div>
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